Cell division

Effects of Turmeric Compounds on Tumor Suppressors and Pro-Apoptosis Factors

Table VI.9: Effects of Turmeric Compounds on Tumor Suppressors and Pro-Apoptosis Factors
TUMOR SUPPRESSORS AND PRO-APOPTOSIS FACTORS
HOW ARE THEY INVOLVED IN CANCER?
AND
HOW CAN TURMERIC COMPOUNDS HELP?

Tumor Suppressors and Pro-Apoptotic Factors Help Limit Abnormal Cells

Proteins that help get rid of cells too damaged or diseased to repair are called tumor suppressors. They generally trigger apoptosis, a type of cell suicide that prevents them from replicating and making more abnormal cells. (vi.363985)

Another way tumor suppressors work is by cell cycle arrest. For example, p53 tumor suppressors can stimulate proteins that inhibit the kinase enzymes used by cancer cells to progress through the cell cycle and replicate. Other proteins and enzymes help tumor suppressors get rid of defective and cancerous cells. (vi.363985)

Cancer Tries to Limit Tumor Suppression

In cancer, tumor suppressors and apoptotic enzymes are often inactivated or mutated. They fail to regulate and eliminate cells with irreparable DNA damage, which allows cancer cells to replicate. Mutated forms can even promote cancer cell growth. (vi.131638-3985133)

Turmeric Supports Tumor Suppression

The curcumin compounds in turmeric potently: (vi.2131638-3998-99133-137)

  • Stimulate () expression of tumor suppressors and their genes.
  • Inhibit () inactivation, suppression, and mutation of tumor suppressors and their genes.
  • Trigger () caspase (protease enzymes) and death receptor proteins involved in apoptotic or other types of cell death.
  • Activate () transcription factors that assist caspases (e.g., PPAR-γ).
  • Regulate and promote cancer cell death using mechanisms that are dependent upon the type of cancer.

Besides curcumin, other turmeric compounds also help promote tumor suppressors. These include:

SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF TURMERIC COMPOUNDS
TUMOR SUPPRESSORS
p6 p27 Pdcd4
p16 p53 PTEN
p21    
PRO-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS
Bad Bim Fax
Bax E-cadherin Nm23
Bid FADD  
ENZYMES THAT INDUCE AND CARRY OUT APOPTOSIS
Caspases -3, 4, 8, 9
Prevents cells from going through cell cycle and proliferating. (vi.81)
Stops cells from advancing through cell cycle and replicating (by preventing kinase activity). (vi.81)
Release of this molecule by the mitochondria in cells triggers apoptosis type of cell death(vi.85)

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