Types of Gallstones
There are two main types of gallstones that form in the gallbladder and bile ducts. The types are named by what they are primarily made of—cholesterol and pigment. Pigment stones are further categorized into brown or black stones. In most industrialized countries, the majority of gallstones are cholesterol stones, but in Asian countries, pigment gallstones prevail. (vii.122-124)
Gallstone types have different characteristics: (vii.122-124, 129)
| Composition | Size & Appearance | Other Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol | ||
|
|
Most common type in industrialized countries. Risk is 3 times higher in women and even greater in those who use oral contraceptives and those with multiple pregnancies. |
| Black Pigment | ||
|
|
More common in older and/or poorly nourished people. Conditions that increase the breakdown of red blood cells (e.g., cirrhosis of the liver, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia) increase the risk of black gallstones. |
| Brown | ||
|
|
Unlike other types, brown gallstones are more common in the liver bile ducts rather than the gallbladder. |
an area called the duodenum. (vii.124)
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